![]() albopictus populations are established and there is evidence of reproducing and overwintering mosquitoes in at least one location in the administrative region. Please note that the vector presence is likely to be under-reported as reporting is not mandatory. albopictus at ‘regional’ administrative level (NUTS3) in Europe, based on confirmed, unpublished and published data made available by national entomologists participating in VectorNet. Leishmaniasis Zika chikungunya climate change dengue vector-borne diseases.Ĭurrent distribution of A. Nevertheless, monitoring forecasts of meteorological conditions can help detect epidemic precursors of vector-borne disease outbreaks and serve as early warning systems for risk reduction. Moreover, globalisation and international air travel contribute to pathogen and vector dispersion internationally. Future climate-sensitive health impacts are challenging to project quantitatively, in part due to the intricate interplay between non-climatic and climatic drivers, weather-sensitive pathogens and climate-change adaptation. In addition, highly elevated temperatures in the summer of 2010 have been associated with an epidemic of West Nile Fever in Southeast Europe and subsequent outbreaks have been linked to summer temperature anomalies. Climate change is also thought to have been a factor in the expansion of other important disease vectors in Europe: Aedes albopictus (the Asian tiger mosquito), which transmits diseases such as Zika, dengue and chikungunya, and Phlebotomus sandfly species, which transmits diseases including Leishmaniasis. Climate change has been implicated in the observed shift of ticks to elevated altitudes and latitudes, notably including the Ixodes ricinus tick species that is a vector for Lyme borreliosis and tick-borne encephalitis. Support activities should be aimed at strengthening public health entomology, including training of human resources and national programs evaluation of new technologies and the management of insecticide resistance, among others.Climate change has already impacted the transmission of a wide range of vector-borne diseases in Europe, and it will continue to do so in the coming decades. ![]() Significant collaboration is needed to strengthen and develop the capacity of health systems to prevent, control and eliminate vector transmission diseases, further response to outbreaks and epidemics. These diseases represent a challenge for the health systems, since it requires the improvement of clinical and laboratory diagnosis, epidemiological surveillance, and vector control to prevent the transmission of diseases, and avoid serious global consequences. Recent major outbreaks of dengue, malaria, chikungunya, yellow fever and Zika virus have affected populations, claimed lives and overwhelmed health systems across many countries. The burden of these diseases is highest in tropical and subtropical areas and they disproportionately affect the poorest populations. The major vector-borne diseases, together, account for nearly a fifth of all infectious diseases. Every year there are more than 700,000 deaths globally from diseases such as malaria, dengue, Chagas disease, yellow fever, and Japanese encephalitis. Vector-borne diseases are human illnesses caused by parasites, viruses and bacteria that are transmitted by vectors such as mosquitoes, triatomines, ticks, and many others.
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